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How Football Competitions Work: Formats, Rules and Records
This hub explains how the game's biggest competitions are built, from the World Cup and Champions League to the Europa League, the Premier League and MLS. It is written for fans who want to know why a table looks the way it does, how a club qualified or went down, and what the regulations say when two sides finish level.
Formats explained
Clear breakdowns of league phases, group stages, knockout rounds and playoff systems, including the league-phase model UEFA now uses in its club competitions.
Tiebreakers and rulebooks
How each competition separates teams level on points, from goal difference and head-to-head records to extra time, penalty shootouts and the abolished away goals rule.
Qualification and relegation
The routes into European football, World Cup qualifying and the MLS playoffs, plus how promotion and relegation decide where clubs play next season.
History and records
The origins of each competition, the clubs and nations that have dominated them, and the records that still define what success looks like.
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